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TSIAJ COV RUAM ROV QAB LOS

Sep 18, 2019 Tso lus

Tus tsiaj lub raj mis rov ua dua tshiab

Los ntawm Wikipedia, qhov pub dawb phau ntawv qhia kev ncaj ncees rau navigationJump mus nrhiav

Kab lus noxav tau kev suav ntxiv rau kev ua pov thawj.Thov helpimprove kab lus no tshooj lus piav qhia rau cov chaw muaj txiaj ntsig. Cov khoom siv tsis zoo yuav raug muab coj los sib tw thiab tshem tawm.
Nrhiav cov chaw:GG quot; Tus tsiaj lub raj mis rov ua dua" –news·ntawv xov xwm·cov phau ntawv·ntawv·JSTOR(Lub Yim Hli 2010)(Kawm paub yuav ua li cas thiab thaum twg thiaj li yuav tshem daim ntawv xov xwm no)

Hwj hlwv ofpolyethylene terephthalate (PET, qee zaum PETE) tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom qib qis, xws li cov ntaub pua plag.[citation ntxiv]Txhawm rau ua cov zaub mov qib yas, lub raj mis yuav tsum ua kom muaj dej haus dej hauv lub cev, uas huv si thiab ces-polymerisedto ua PET tshiab. Hauv ntau lub teb chaws, PET plastics muaj cov lej nrog theresin cim codenumber" 1" sab hauv theuniversal ub cov cim, feem ntau nyob hauv qab ntawm cov thawv.

Txheej txheem

  • 1Kev Siv Cov PET

  • 2Txheej Txheem

    • 2.1Cov neeg siv khoom pov tseg tom qab

    • 2.2Kev cais tawm

    • 2.3Ua rau kev muag khoom

    • 2.4Ntxiv kev kho mob

  • 3Qhuav pom

  • 4Kom qhuav polyester

  • 5Ntiaj teb no txheeb cais

  • 6Rov siv cov tsiaj hwj

  • 7Kuj pom

  • 8Ua tim khawv

  • 9Cov txuas sab nraud

Kev Siv Cov PET[kho kom raug]

PET yog siv los ua cov ntaub ntawv raw khoom rau kev ua lub hnab ntim khoom xws li lub raj mis thiab cov thawv ntim khoom rau ntim ntau yam ntawm cov zaub mov thiab lwm yam khoom muag. Piv txwv li cov dej haus hauv cawv, dej cawv, tshuaj ntxuav tais diav, tshuaj pleev ib ce, khoom lag luam tshuaj thiab roj ntxiv. PET yog ib qho ntawm cov neeg yuav khoom siv feem ntau uas siv cov yas.[1]Polyethylene terephthalate kuj tseem siv tau ua cov khoom siv tseem ceeb inmaking dej-resistant ntawv.[2]

Txheej Txheem[kho kom raug]

GG quot; 1-PETE" cob qhia cov lej cim[3]

Cov neeg siv khoom pov tseg tom qab[kho kom raug]

Lub hnab ntim khoob PET muab pov tseg los ntawm theconsumer, tom qab siv thiab dhau los ua PETwaste. Hauv kev lag luam recycling, qhov no hu ua" tus neeg siv tom qab PET." Ntau lub tseem fwv hauv nroog thiab cov koom haum sau khib nyiab tau pib sau cov PET tom qab siv tau cais tawm ntawm lwm cov khoom pov tseg hauv tsev. Dhau li hais tias muaj iscontainer tso cai nyob rau qee lub tebchaws uas tseem siv rau cov tsiaj hwj.

Nws yog qhov sib cav txawm tias yuav xa cov khoom xa tuaj mus thoob ntiaj teb uas ua kev puas tsuaj rau kev lag luam rov luam hauv tsev.[4]Hauv Nyij Pooj, kev ua lag luam txawv teb chaws tau ua rau muaj kev txo nqi tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam hauv tsev. Tus nqi ntawm cov yas uas tsis yog PET lub raj mis tseem nyob siab.

Rov qab tsim lub tshuab muag khoom rau cov dej haus tsis muaj dej haus thiab cov raj mis PET hauv qhov chaw muag khoom hauv lub Tebchaws Yelemees.Cov khoom ntim rov qab feem ntau suav nrog ib qho rau iav thiab / lossis lub hwj yas, xws li Urban Environmental Management thiab Technology hauvSingapore.

Kev cais tawm[kho kom raug]

Thaum lub PET fwj xa rov qab rau hauv qhov chaw tso cai txhiv, lossis rau tus muag qub hauv qee qhov kev cai, qhov kev tso nyiaj yog ib feem lossis tag nrho rov qab them rau tus nqi txhiv. Hauv ob qho tib si uas tau sau tom qab tus neeg siv PET tau coj mus rau cov chaw ua haujlwm rov qab hu ua asmaterials rov qab cov chaw tsim khoom (MRF) qhov twg nws tau txheeb thiab sib cais los ntawm lwm cov ntaub ntawv xws li hlau, cov khoom ua los ntawm lwm cov tawv ua ntu xws liPVC, HDPE, polypropylene, hloov tau cov plastics xws li cov siv rau lub hnab (feem ntau tsis tshua muaj densitypolyethylene), haus cov thawv, iav, thiab lwm yam uas tsis yog ua los ntawm PET.

Cov neeg tau txais kev pab PET feem ntau txheeb cais rau cov xim sib txawv: pob tshab los yog tsis muaj cov PET, xim xiav thiab ntsuab PET, thiab cov seem rau hauv cov xim sib xyaw. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov xim tshiab (xws li amber rau yas npias fwj) ntxiv cov kev cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem sorting rau kev lag luam recycling.

Cov tsiaj ntim fwj tau sib cais los ntawm lwm cov plastics hauv amaterials qhov chaw rov qab.Bales ntawm crushed PET fwj txheeb raws li xim: xiav, pob tshab, thiab ntsuab.Bales ntawm crushed PET hwj.

Ua rau kev muag khoom[kho kom raug]

Cov teeb tsa tom qab tus neeg siv PET khib yog tsoo, nias rau hauv bales thiab muab rau muag rau cov tuam txhab lag luam rov ua dua tshiab. Tsis muaj kob / lub teeb xiav tom qab-tus neeg siv PET nyiam cov nqi muag khoom siab dua li cov xim tsaus thiab xiav tsaus. Cov xim sib xyaw ua ke yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws.

Ntxiv kev kho mob[kho kom raug]

Cov txheej txheem txuas ntxiv suav nrog kev zuaj, ntxuav, cais thiab ziab. Cov tuam txhab rov ua dua tshiab kho cov PET tom qab tus neeg tau txais kev pab los ntawm kev muab cov khoom txav los ua cov me me. Cov thooj ntawv no tseem muaj cov seem ntawm cov ntsiab lus qub, daim ntawv lo shredded thiab cov ntawv yas. Cov no tau raug tshem tawm byplastic granulation, uas ua rau cov PET ntshiab tawg, lossis" PET flakes" ;. Cov tsiaj plaub ya ri tau siv los ua cov khoom siv raw rau cov khoom lag luam uas yuav tsum ua los ntawm ofpolyester. Piv txwv suav nrog polyester cov khoom siv (cov khoom siv los tsim rau kev cog, hauv ncoo, ntaub pua plag, thiab lwm yam), cov ntaub polyester, cov hlua khi, lossis rov qab rau hauv cov tsiaj hwj.

Qhuav pom[kho kom raug]

Kev lim dej yog feem ntau siv los tshem tawm cov khoom paug los ntawm polymer melts thaum lub sijhawm txheej txheem txheej txheem.[5]Muaj cov tshuab cais ntawm cov khoom ua paug hauv lub tshuab hu ua 'screen changer'. Lub kaw lus ib txwm yuav muaj cov tsev vaj tse steel nrog qhov nruab nrab pom nyob hauv cov pob nyem uas txav tau los yog swb daim hlau uas pab cov processor tshem cov ntxaij vab tshaus tawm los ntawm cov tshuab kom txhob muaj teeb meem uas tsis tas nres. Cov kab mob sib xyaw feem ntau yog sau los ntawm cov xov hlau tsis pom zoo uas yog txhawb los ntawm cov hlau tsis xeb phaj uas hu ua 'breaker phaj' - lub cev muaj zog daim hlau uas tho qhov nrog cov qhov loj loj kom ua rau ntws ntawm cov polymer yaj. Txog kev rov ua cov tshuaj polyester nws yog ib txwm sib xyaw ua ke los ntawm kev hloov chaw tshuaj ntsuam rau hauv kab extrusion. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua hauv pelletizing, nplooj ntawv extrusion lossis strapping daim kab xev extrusion kab.

Kom qhuav polyester[kho kom raug]

PET polymer yog qhov nkag siab tsis zoo rau cov kua dej hydrolytic, ua rau txo qhov hnyav hauv nws cov phaus molecular, yog li cuam tshuam loj heev cuam tshuam nws cov kev ua kom yaj tom qab. Yog li, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb kom qhuav tus tsiaj PET flakes lossis granules kom txog qib uas tsis tshua muaj dej noo ua ntej kom yaj.

PET yuav tsum tau qhuav rau< 100="" ntu="" ib="" lab="" (ppm)="" ya="" raws="" thiab="" tswj="" ntawm="" qhov="" dej="" noo="" no="" kom="" txo="" qis="" hydrolysis="" thaum="" ua="" cov="" hmoov="">[6]

Dehumidifying Drying - Cov tshuab ziab khaub ncaws no nthuav tawm cov cua kub thiab de-humidified qhuav rau hauv qhov nqus, nqus cov huab cua rov qab, qhuav nws thiab tom qab ntawd cov twj tso rau hauv lub voj kaw. Cov txheej txheem no txo ​​qib noo noo hauv PET nqis los rau 50ppm lossis qis dua. Qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev tshem tawm ya raws nyob ntawm huab cua dew point. Yog tias cov huab cua lwg taw tes tsis zoo, ces qee qhov ya raws nyob hauv daim tawv nyias thiab ua rau IV poob thaum ua.

IRD ziab nruas siv rau kev ziab ntawm Polyester pellets thiab polyester fwj flakes

Infrared Drying polyester pellets thiab plaub ya ri - Ib yam tshiab ntawm lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws tau qhia nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los, siv Infrared ziab (IRD). Vim tias qhov siab hloov ntawm lub zog hloov hluav taws xob nrog IR cua sov nyob rau hauv kev sib xyaw nrog cov siv tshwj xeeb yoj hluav taws xob, cov nqi hluav taws xob txuam nrog cov kab ke no yuav raug txo kom tsawg, nrog rau qhov loj me. Polyester tuaj yeem ua tau ziab thiab amorphous flake crystallized thiab qhuav hauv tsuas yog siv li 15 feeb los rau theem ntawm dej noo ntawm kwv yees. 300ppm hauv ib kauj ruam, thiab nqes mus rau< 50="" ppm="" siv="" lub="" plhaw="" tsis="" muaj="" haujlwm="" kom="" tiav="" cov="" ziab="" hauv="" feem="" ntau="" hauv="" 1="">

Ntiaj teb no txheeb cais[kho kom raug]

Aub tso nag los ua los ntawm 100% rov qabPETfabric.

Thoob ntiaj teb, kwv yees li 7,5 lab tons ntawm PET tau sau xyoo 2011. Qhov no muab 5.9 lab tons ntawm flake. Nyob rau xyoo 2009 3.4 lab tons tau siv los tsim cov tshuaj fiber, 500,000 tons los tsim cov raj mis, 500,000 tons los tsimAPETsheet rau cov thermoforming, 200,000 tons los tsim cov strapping rau daim kab xev thiab 100,000 tons rau daim ntawv thov lwm yam.[7]

Petcore, Europeantrade associationthat txhawb nqa kev sau thiab rov ua dua tshiab ntawm PET, tshaj tawm tias nyob hauv Tebchaws Europe ib leeg, 1,6 lab tonnes ntawm cov tsiaj PET tau sau xyoo 2011 - ntau dua 51% ntawm txhua lub hwj. Tom qab cov nqi xa tawm tau raug coj mus rau hauv tus account, 1.12 lab tons ntawm PET flake tau tsim tawm. 440,000 tons tau siv los tsim cov tshuaj fiber, 283,000 tons los tsim ntau lub raj mis, 278,000 tons los tsim cov ntawv APET, 102,000 tons rau cov ntaub nplaum kaw thiab 18,000 tons rau cov ntawv thov siv tsis zoo. (Tau qhov twg los: PCI rau Petcore thiab EuPR)

Xyoo 2008 tus nqi ntawm cov neeg tau txais kev pab PET fwj sau rau kev rov ua dua tshiab thiab muag hauv Tebchaws Asmeskas yog kwv yees. 1.45 billion phaus.[8]

Hauv 2012, 81% ntawm PET lub raj mis muag hauvSwit Switzerlandwere rov ua dua tshiab.[9]

Ua kom cov nqi zog nce siab yuav nce qhov ntim tau ntawm kev rov ua dua tsiaj dua lub raj mis.[8]Hauv Tebchaws Europe, EU Kev Khib Nyiab Cov Lus Cog Tseg tau hais tias kom txog xyoo 2020 yuav tsum muaj 50% rov qab siv lossis rov qab siv cov plastics los ntawm cov dej ntws hauv tsev.[8]

Hauv Tebchaws Meskas, tus nqi rov qab ua dua tshiab rau PET ntim tau 31.2% hauv xyoo 2013, raws li tsab ntawv ceeb toom los ntawm Lub Koom Haum Koom Tes ntawm PET Thawv Cov Khoom Siv (NAPCOR) thiab Cov koom haum ntawm Postconsumer Plastic Recyclers (APR). Tag nrho ntawm 1,798 lab phaus sau thiab 475 lab phaus rov qab siv tus tsiaj PET siv tawm ntawm tag nrho 5,764 lab phaus ntawm cov tsiaj hwj.[10]

Cov tsiaj hwj ua kom rov ua dua-tus nqi thoob plaws ntiaj teb[11]

NyivpoojAsmeskasTeb chaws EuropeIs Nrias teb[12]　
72%29%48%90%

Rov siv cov tsiaj hwj[kho kom raug]

PET lub raj mis tseem tau rov ua dua tshiab yog siv (siv dua tshiab) rau ntau lub hom phiaj, suav nrog siv rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv cov dej num, thiab siv rau cov dej tsis huv ntawm cov teb chaws pov tseg, nyob rau hauv uas PET lub raj mis muaj dej thiab nyob rau hauv lub hnub kom tso tshuaj rau pom kab mob. hluav taws xob. PET muaj txiaj ntsig rau lub hom phiaj no vim tias muaj ntau lwm cov ntaub ntawv (nrog rau lub qhov rai iav) uas yog pob tshab kom pom lub teeb yog opaque rau ultraviolet hluav taws xob.[13]

Ib qho kev siv tshiab yog tsim ua lub tsev cov khoom hauv cov teb chaws thib peb. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv online, cov hwj, hauv cov txheej txheem kev siv zog ua haujlwm, tau sau nrog cov xuab zeb, tom qab ntawd txhav thiab tog twg los yog av nkos lossis cemented ua ke los ua phab ntsa. Qee qhov ntawm cov fwj tuaj yeem ntim puv nrog cua lossis dej, kom lees pom lub teeb rau hauv tus qauv.

Kuj pom[kho kom raug]

  • Kev noj qab haus huv thiab ib puag ncig teeb meem nrog yas hwj

  • Yas ub khoom siv

  • Plastiki

Ua tim khawv[kho kom raug]

  1. ^Clark Howard, Brian." Cov Cim Recycling ntawm Plastics - Ua Dab Tsi Ua Cov Cim Rau ntawm Plastics Txhais" ;. Lub Hnub Ntsuab (Vaj Tsev Zoo). Tshawb FawbMuaj 7,2012.

  2. ^TeijinGroup." Teijin Tsim Kev Siv Hauv Eco-Ntub Dej muaj zog Ntawv Luam Ntawv Ua Tau 100% nrog Rov Siv Cov Khoom Siv Polyester los ntawm Siv PET Fwj Fwj" ;. Teijin Pab Pawg. KuajMuajMarch 12,2013.

  3. ^GG quot; Yas Ntim Yas"(PDF)Cov. American Chemistry Council. Khaws los ntawm daim tseem(PDF)hnub tim 2011-07-21.

  4. ^K. Hanaki: Kev Tswj Xyuas Ib Cheeb Tsam thiab Tshuab thiab Tshuab, ISBN9784431783978, p. 104

  5. ^Qhuav FiltrationOcepts thiab Xaiv

  6. ^http://infohouse.p2ric.org/ref/14/13543.pdfPET Kom Qhuav Kev Ua Zoo

  7. ^GG quot; - PCI Ntoo Mackenzie" ;.PCI Ntoo MackenzieCov. Hwm lauj 2017-07-01.

  8. ^Dhia mus txog:abcNicholas Dege: thev naus laus zis ntawm lub fwj dej, p. 431, John Wiley& Cov Tub, 2011, ISBN9781444393323

  9. ^http://www.bafu.admin.ch/dokumentation/medieninformation/00962/index.html?lang=fr& msg-id=50084 (nplooj ntawv xyuas thaum 4 Kaum Ib Hlis 2013).

  10. ^Caliendo, Heather (8 Lub Kaum Hli 2014)." Rov ua dua tshiab rau PET ntim ncav cuag 31 feem pua ​​hauv xyoo 2013" ;.PlasticsTxoj Kev NpamCov. Muab khaws tseg 20 Kaum Ob Hlis Ntuj2018.

  11. ^Nyiv kev ua ntej hauv ntiaj teb cov yas rov sib tw haiv neeg kev ua lag luamPrimary qhov chaw yog 『Lub Koom Haum Yas Tswj Khib, Tokyohttp: //www.pwmi.or.jp/ei/index.htm』

  12. ^http://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/india-recycles-90-of-its-pet-waste-outperforms-japan-europe-and-us-study/story-yqphS1w2GdlwMYPgPtyb2L.htmlNCL thiab PET Ntim Koom Haum rau Thaj Chaw Huv (PACE) Cov Ntaub Ntawv tso tawm Lub Ob Hlis 2017. Lub cev yog tus tsim muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab tuaj yeem tso Is Nrias teb raws li cov tsheb thauj khoom saum toj kawg nkaus ntawm PET. Qhov laj thawj yog xav tsis yog vim muaj kev coj ua dua tshiab kev coj noj coj ua lossis kev tsim kho vaj tse ntawm cov neeg siv khoom kawg, tab sis los ntawm ragpickers uas sib sau thiab muag lub hwj pov tseg raws li cov pov tseg ib txwm rau cov neeg rov ua dua. Kev lag luam yuav tsum yog ₹ 3200 crore ib>

  13. ^Spuhler, Dorothee; Meierhofer, Regula." SODIS" ;.Muaj Kev Nyab Xeeb thiab Kev Tswj Xyuas DejCov. Saib Xyuas. Tshawb Fawb12 Lub Xya hli ntuj 2017.

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